Overview
All University Lecturers and Tutors
-
$2,511 Weekly Pay
-
Strong Future Growth
University Tutors
-
11,000 workers Employment Size
-
Very high skill Skill level rating
-
9% Full-Time Full-Time Share
-
43 hours Average full-time
-
29 years Average age
-
51% female Gender Share
University Tutors conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university.
Specialisations: University Demonstrator.
You need a formal qualification in your area of expertise to work as a University Tutor. Postgraduate studies may also be useful.
Tasks
- Prepares and conducts tutorials, seminars and laboratory sessions.
- Marks essays, assignments and examinations.
- Advises students on academic and related matters.
- Attends departmental and faculty meetings, conferences and seminars.
- Serves on committees and boards.
- Conducts research.
- Stimulates and guides class discussions.
- Compiles bibliographies of specialised materials for reading assignments.
Prospects
The number of people working as University Tutors (in their main job) grew very strongly over 5 years:
from 8,500 in 2011 to 11,000 in 2016.
Caution: The Australian jobs market is changing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These estimates do not take account of the impact of COVID-19. They may not reflect the current jobs market and should be used and interpreted with extreme caution.
- Size: This is a medium sized occupation.
- Location: University Tutors work in many regions of Australia.
- Industries: Most work in the Education and Training industry.
- Full-time: Less than half work full-time (9%, less than the average of 66%), showing there are many opportunities to work part-time.
- Hours: Full-time workers spend around 43 hours per week at work (compared to the average of 44 hours).
- Age: The average age is 29 years (compared to the average of 40 years). Many workers are under 25 years of age (27%).
- Gender: 51% of workers are female (compared to the average of 48%).
Main Industries
Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Industries are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC 06).
States and Territories
NSW
VIC
QLD
SA
WA
TAS
NT
ACT
Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Share of workers across Australian States and Territories, in this job compared to the all jobs average.
Age Profile
Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Age profile of workers in this job compared to the all jobs average.
Education Level
Source: ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Highest qualification completed by workers in this job (in any field of study). Qualifications needed by new workers might be different from the qualifications of workers already in the job.
Pathways
You need a formal qualification in your area of expertise to work as a University Tutor. Postgraduate studies may also be useful.
Before starting a course, check it will provide you with the skills and qualifications you need. Visit
- Course Seeker to search and compare higher education courses.
- ComparED to compare undergraduate and postgraduate student experiences and outcomes.
Skills & Knowledge
Employers look for University Lecturers and Tutors who are accurate and pay attention to detail, motivated and have good interpersonal skills.
Filter Skills & Knowledge
Knowledge
These are important topics, subjects or knowledge areas.
-
English language
English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
-
Education and training
Curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
-
Computers and electronics
Circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
-
Mathematics
Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, or statistics.
-
Psychology
Human behaviour; differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; research methods; assessing and treating disorders.
-
Communications and media
Media production, communication, and dissemination. Includes written, spoken, and visual media.
-
Clerical
Word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office work.
-
Geography
Describing land, sea, and air, including their physical characteristics, locations, how they work together, and the location of plant, animal, and human life.
-
Philosophy and theology
Philosophical systems and religions, including their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and impact on society.
-
Customer and personal service
Understanding customer needs, providing good quality service, and measuring customer satisfaction.
-
Sociology and anthropology
Group behaviour and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
-
History and archeology
Events of the past, their causes, how we learn about them, and how they influence the way we live today.
-
Technical design
Design techniques, tools, and principles used to make detailed technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
-
Biology
Plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, how they rely on and work with each other and the environment.
-
Administration and management
Business principles involved in strategic planning, leadership, and coordinating people and resources.
-
Chemistry
Chemical composition, structure, and properties. How chemicals are made, used, mixed, and can change.
-
Fine arts
Compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
-
Physics
The physical laws of matter, motion and energy, and how they interact through space and time.
-
Engineering and technology
Use engineering, science and technology to design and produce goods and services.
-
Public safety and security
Use of equipment, rules and ideas to protect people, data, property, and institutions.
Skills
Skills can be improved through training or experience.
-
Reading comprehension
Reading work related information.
-
Active listening
Listening to others, not interrupting, and asking good questions.
-
Instructing
Teaching people how to do something.
-
Learning strategies
Figuring out the best way to teach or learn something new.
-
Speaking
Talking to others.
-
Writing
Writing things for co-workers or customers.
-
Critical thinking
Thinking about the pros and cons of different ways to solve a problem.
-
Monitoring
Keeping track of how well work is progressing so you can make changes or improvements.
-
Active learning
Being able to use what you have learnt to solve problems now and again in the future.
-
Complex problem solving
Noticing a problem and figuring out the best way to solve it.
-
Serving others
Looking for ways to help people.
-
Social perceptiveness
Understanding why people react the way they do.
-
Coordination with others
Being adaptable and coordinating work with other people.
-
Judgment and decision making
Figuring out the pros and cons of different options and choosing the best one.
-
Time management
Managing your own and other peoples' time to get work done.
-
Persuasion
Talking people into changing their minds or their behaviour.
-
Systems analysis
Figuring out how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect it.
-
Management of personnel resources
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, and choosing the best people for the job.
-
Negotiation
Bringing people together and trying to sort out their differences.
-
Mathematics
Using maths to solve problems.
Abilities
Workers use these physical and mental abilities.
-
Oral comprehension
Listen to and understand what people say.
-
Oral expression
Communicate by speaking.
-
Written comprehension
Read and understand written information.
-
Written expression
Write in a way that people can understand.
-
Speech clarity
Speak clearly so others can understand you.
-
Deductive reasoning
Use general rules to find answers or solve problems logically.
-
Inductive reasoning
Use lots of detailed information to come up with answers or make general rules.
-
Near vision
See details that are up-close (within a few feet).
-
Speech recognition
Identify and understand the speech of another person.
-
Brainstorming
Come up with a number of ideas about a topic, even if the ideas aren't very good.
-
Originality
Come up with unusual or clever ideas, or creative ways to solve a problem.
-
Problem spotting
Notice when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong, even if you can't solve the problem.
-
Categorising
Come up with different ways of grouping things.
-
Sorting or ordering
Order or arrange things in a pattern or sequence (e.g., numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
-
Selective attention
Pay attention to something without being distracted.
-
Far vision
See details that are far away.
-
Flexibility of closure
See a pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) hidden in other distracting material.
-
Mathematics
Choose the right maths method or formula to solve a problem.
-
Working with numbers
Add, subtract, multiply, or divide.
-
Multitasking
Do two or more things at the same time.
Activities
These are kinds of activities workers regularly do in this job.
-
Building good relationships
Building good working relationships and keeping them over time.
-
Communicating within a team
Giving information to co-workers by telephone, in writing, or in person.
-
Training and teaching others
Understanding the needs of others, developing training programs, and teaching or instructing.
-
Planning and prioritising work
Deciding on goals and putting together a detailed plan to get the work done.
-
Thinking creatively
Using your own ideas for developing, designing, or creating something new.
-
Keeping your knowledge up-to-date
Keeping up-to-date with technology and new ideas.
-
Explaining things to people
Helping people to understand and use information.
-
Researching and investigating
Looking for, getting and understanding different kinds of information.
-
Making decisions and solving problems
Using information to work out the best solution and solve problems.
-
Collecting and organising information
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or checking information or data.
-
Monitoring people, processes and things
Checking objects, actions, or events, and keeping an eye out for problems.
-
Assessing and evaluating things
Working out the value, importance, or quality of things, services or people.
-
Looking for changes over time
Comparing objects, actions, or events. Looking for differences between them or changes over time.
-
Documenting or recording information
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
-
Coaching and developing others
Working out the needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or helping them to improve.
-
Working with computers
Using computers to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
-
Making sense of information and ideas
Looking at, working with, and understanding data or information.
-
Scheduling work and activities
Working out the timing of events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
-
Helping and caring for others
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, or emotional support.
-
Coming up with systems and processes
Deciding on goals and figuring out what you need to do to achieve them.

O*NET is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.
The skills and importance ratings on this page are derived from the US Department of Labor O*NET Database Version 21.2, 25-1191.00 - Graduate Teaching Assistants.
Work Environment
Learn about the daily activities, and physical and social demands faced by workers. Explore the values and work styles that workers rate as most important.
Filter Work Environment
Demands
The physical and social demands workers face most often are shown below.
-
Electronic mail
Use electronic mail.
-
Face-to-face discussions
Talk with people face-to-face.
-
Contact with people
Have contact with people by telephone, face-to-face, or any other way.
-
Unstructured work
Have freedom to decide on tasks, priorities, and goals.
-
Teamwork
Work with people in a group or team.
-
Freedom to make decisions
Have freedom to make decision on your own.
-
Indoors, heat controlled
Work indoors with access to heating or cooling.
-
Public speaking
Talk to a group of people.
-
Lead or coordinate a team
Lead others to do work activities.
-
Being exact or accurate
Be very exact or highly accurate.
-
Competition
Compete with others, or be aware of competitive pressures.
-
Time pressure
Work to strict deadlines.
-
Physically close to people
Work physically close to other people.
-
Spend time sitting
Spend time sitting at work.
-
Impact of decisions
Make decisions that have a large impact on other people.
-
Spend time standing
Spend time standing at work.
-
Frequent decision making
Frequently make decisions that impact other people.
-
Contact with the public
Work with customers or the public.
-
Letters and memos
Write letters and memos.
-
Repeating same tasks
Repeat the same tasks or activities (e.g., key entry) over and over, without stopping.
Values
Work values are important to a person’s feeling of satisfaction. All six values are shown below.
-
Achievement
Results oriented. Workers are able to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment.
-
Independence
Work alone and make decisions. Workers are able to try out their own ideas, make decisions on their own, and work with little or no supervision.
-
Support
Supportive management that stands behind employees. Workers are treated fairly by their company, they are supported by management, and have supervisors who train them well.
-
Relationships
Serve and work with others. Workers usually get along well with each other, do things to help other people, and are rarely pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
-
Recognition
Advancement and the potential to lead. Workers are recognised for the work that they do, they may give directions and instructions to others, and they are looked up to in their company and their community.
-
Working conditions
Job security and good working conditions. There is usually a steady flow of interesting work, and the pay and conditions are generally good.
Interests
Interests are the style or type of work we prefer to do. All interest areas are shown below.
-
Helping
Working with people. Helping or providing service to others.
-
Administrative
Following set procedures and routines. Working with numbers and details more than with ideas, usually following rules.
-
Creative
Working with forms, designs and patterns. Often need self-expression and can be done without following rules.
-
Enterprising
Starting up and carrying out projects. Leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes require risk taking and often deal with business.
-
Analytical
Ideas and thinking. Searching for facts and figuring out problems in your head.
-
Practical
Practical, hands-on work. Often with plants and animals, or materials like wood, tools, and machinery.

O*NET is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.
The skills and importance ratings on this page are derived from the US Department of Labor O*NET Database Version 21.2, 25-1191.00 - Graduate Teaching Assistants.
All University Lecturers and Tutors
-
$2,511 Weekly Pay
-
Strong Future Growth
University Tutors
-
11,000 workers Employment Size
-
Very high skill Skill level rating
-
9% Full-Time Full-Time Share
-
43 hours Average full-time
-
29 years Average age
-
51% female Gender Share
University Tutors conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university.
Specialisations: University Demonstrator.
You need a formal qualification in your area of expertise to work as a University Tutor. Postgraduate studies may also be useful.
Tasks
- Prepares and conducts tutorials, seminars and laboratory sessions.
- Marks essays, assignments and examinations.
- Advises students on academic and related matters.
- Attends departmental and faculty meetings, conferences and seminars.
- Serves on committees and boards.
- Conducts research.
- Stimulates and guides class discussions.
- Compiles bibliographies of specialised materials for reading assignments.
The number of people working as University Tutors (in their main job) grew very strongly over 5 years:
from 8,500 in 2011 to 11,000 in 2016.
Caution: The Australian jobs market is changing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These estimates do not take account of the impact of COVID-19. They may not reflect the current jobs market and should be used and interpreted with extreme caution.
- Size: This is a medium sized occupation.
- Location: University Tutors work in many regions of Australia.
- Industries: Most work in the Education and Training industry.
- Full-time: Less than half work full-time (9%, less than the average of 66%), showing there are many opportunities to work part-time.
- Hours: Full-time workers spend around 43 hours per week at work (compared to the average of 44 hours).
- Age: The average age is 29 years (compared to the average of 40 years). Many workers are under 25 years of age (27%).
- Gender: 51% of workers are female (compared to the average of 48%).
Main Industries
Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Industries are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC 06).
States and Territories
NSW
VIC
QLD
SA
WA
TAS
NT
ACT
Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Share of workers across Australian States and Territories, in this job compared to the all jobs average.
Age Profile
Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Age profile of workers in this job compared to the all jobs average.
Education Level
Source: ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Highest qualification completed by workers in this job (in any field of study). Qualifications needed by new workers might be different from the qualifications of workers already in the job.
You need a formal qualification in your area of expertise to work as a University Tutor. Postgraduate studies may also be useful.
Before starting a course, check it will provide you with the skills and qualifications you need. Visit
- Course Seeker to search and compare higher education courses.
- ComparED to compare undergraduate and postgraduate student experiences and outcomes.
Employers look for University Lecturers and Tutors who are accurate and pay attention to detail, motivated and have good interpersonal skills.
Filter Skills & Knowledge
Knowledge
These are important topics, subjects or knowledge areas.
-
English language
English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
-
Education and training
Curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
-
Computers and electronics
Circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
-
Mathematics
Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, or statistics.
-
Psychology
Human behaviour; differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; research methods; assessing and treating disorders.
-
Communications and media
Media production, communication, and dissemination. Includes written, spoken, and visual media.
-
Clerical
Word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office work.
-
Geography
Describing land, sea, and air, including their physical characteristics, locations, how they work together, and the location of plant, animal, and human life.
-
Philosophy and theology
Philosophical systems and religions, including their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and impact on society.
-
Customer and personal service
Understanding customer needs, providing good quality service, and measuring customer satisfaction.
-
Sociology and anthropology
Group behaviour and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
-
History and archeology
Events of the past, their causes, how we learn about them, and how they influence the way we live today.
-
Technical design
Design techniques, tools, and principles used to make detailed technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
-
Biology
Plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, how they rely on and work with each other and the environment.
-
Administration and management
Business principles involved in strategic planning, leadership, and coordinating people and resources.
-
Chemistry
Chemical composition, structure, and properties. How chemicals are made, used, mixed, and can change.
-
Fine arts
Compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
-
Physics
The physical laws of matter, motion and energy, and how they interact through space and time.
-
Engineering and technology
Use engineering, science and technology to design and produce goods and services.
-
Public safety and security
Use of equipment, rules and ideas to protect people, data, property, and institutions.
Skills
Skills can be improved through training or experience.
-
Reading comprehension
Reading work related information.
-
Active listening
Listening to others, not interrupting, and asking good questions.
-
Instructing
Teaching people how to do something.
-
Learning strategies
Figuring out the best way to teach or learn something new.
-
Speaking
Talking to others.
-
Writing
Writing things for co-workers or customers.
-
Critical thinking
Thinking about the pros and cons of different ways to solve a problem.
-
Monitoring
Keeping track of how well work is progressing so you can make changes or improvements.
-
Active learning
Being able to use what you have learnt to solve problems now and again in the future.
-
Complex problem solving
Noticing a problem and figuring out the best way to solve it.
-
Serving others
Looking for ways to help people.
-
Social perceptiveness
Understanding why people react the way they do.
-
Coordination with others
Being adaptable and coordinating work with other people.
-
Judgment and decision making
Figuring out the pros and cons of different options and choosing the best one.
-
Time management
Managing your own and other peoples' time to get work done.
-
Persuasion
Talking people into changing their minds or their behaviour.
-
Systems analysis
Figuring out how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect it.
-
Management of personnel resources
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, and choosing the best people for the job.
-
Negotiation
Bringing people together and trying to sort out their differences.
-
Mathematics
Using maths to solve problems.
Abilities
Workers use these physical and mental abilities.
-
Oral comprehension
Listen to and understand what people say.
-
Oral expression
Communicate by speaking.
-
Written comprehension
Read and understand written information.
-
Written expression
Write in a way that people can understand.
-
Speech clarity
Speak clearly so others can understand you.
-
Deductive reasoning
Use general rules to find answers or solve problems logically.
-
Inductive reasoning
Use lots of detailed information to come up with answers or make general rules.
-
Near vision
See details that are up-close (within a few feet).
-
Speech recognition
Identify and understand the speech of another person.
-
Brainstorming
Come up with a number of ideas about a topic, even if the ideas aren't very good.
-
Originality
Come up with unusual or clever ideas, or creative ways to solve a problem.
-
Problem spotting
Notice when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong, even if you can't solve the problem.
-
Categorising
Come up with different ways of grouping things.
-
Sorting or ordering
Order or arrange things in a pattern or sequence (e.g., numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
-
Selective attention
Pay attention to something without being distracted.
-
Far vision
See details that are far away.
-
Flexibility of closure
See a pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) hidden in other distracting material.
-
Mathematics
Choose the right maths method or formula to solve a problem.
-
Working with numbers
Add, subtract, multiply, or divide.
-
Multitasking
Do two or more things at the same time.
Activities
These are kinds of activities workers regularly do in this job.
-
Building good relationships
Building good working relationships and keeping them over time.
-
Communicating within a team
Giving information to co-workers by telephone, in writing, or in person.
-
Training and teaching others
Understanding the needs of others, developing training programs, and teaching or instructing.
-
Planning and prioritising work
Deciding on goals and putting together a detailed plan to get the work done.
-
Thinking creatively
Using your own ideas for developing, designing, or creating something new.
-
Keeping your knowledge up-to-date
Keeping up-to-date with technology and new ideas.
-
Explaining things to people
Helping people to understand and use information.
-
Researching and investigating
Looking for, getting and understanding different kinds of information.
-
Making decisions and solving problems
Using information to work out the best solution and solve problems.
-
Collecting and organising information
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or checking information or data.
-
Monitoring people, processes and things
Checking objects, actions, or events, and keeping an eye out for problems.
-
Assessing and evaluating things
Working out the value, importance, or quality of things, services or people.
-
Looking for changes over time
Comparing objects, actions, or events. Looking for differences between them or changes over time.
-
Documenting or recording information
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
-
Coaching and developing others
Working out the needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or helping them to improve.
-
Working with computers
Using computers to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
-
Making sense of information and ideas
Looking at, working with, and understanding data or information.
-
Scheduling work and activities
Working out the timing of events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
-
Helping and caring for others
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, or emotional support.
-
Coming up with systems and processes
Deciding on goals and figuring out what you need to do to achieve them.

O*NET is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.
The skills and importance ratings on this page are derived from the US Department of Labor O*NET Database Version 21.2, 25-1191.00 - Graduate Teaching Assistants.
Learn about the daily activities, and physical and social demands faced by workers. Explore the values and work styles that workers rate as most important.
Filter Work Environment
Demands
The physical and social demands workers face most often are shown below.
-
Electronic mail
Use electronic mail.
-
Face-to-face discussions
Talk with people face-to-face.
-
Contact with people
Have contact with people by telephone, face-to-face, or any other way.
-
Unstructured work
Have freedom to decide on tasks, priorities, and goals.
-
Teamwork
Work with people in a group or team.
-
Freedom to make decisions
Have freedom to make decision on your own.
-
Indoors, heat controlled
Work indoors with access to heating or cooling.
-
Public speaking
Talk to a group of people.
-
Lead or coordinate a team
Lead others to do work activities.
-
Being exact or accurate
Be very exact or highly accurate.
-
Competition
Compete with others, or be aware of competitive pressures.
-
Time pressure
Work to strict deadlines.
-
Physically close to people
Work physically close to other people.
-
Spend time sitting
Spend time sitting at work.
-
Impact of decisions
Make decisions that have a large impact on other people.
-
Spend time standing
Spend time standing at work.
-
Frequent decision making
Frequently make decisions that impact other people.
-
Contact with the public
Work with customers or the public.
-
Letters and memos
Write letters and memos.
-
Repeating same tasks
Repeat the same tasks or activities (e.g., key entry) over and over, without stopping.
Values
Work values are important to a person’s feeling of satisfaction. All six values are shown below.
-
Achievement
Results oriented. Workers are able to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment.
-
Independence
Work alone and make decisions. Workers are able to try out their own ideas, make decisions on their own, and work with little or no supervision.
-
Support
Supportive management that stands behind employees. Workers are treated fairly by their company, they are supported by management, and have supervisors who train them well.
-
Relationships
Serve and work with others. Workers usually get along well with each other, do things to help other people, and are rarely pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
-
Recognition
Advancement and the potential to lead. Workers are recognised for the work that they do, they may give directions and instructions to others, and they are looked up to in their company and their community.
-
Working conditions
Job security and good working conditions. There is usually a steady flow of interesting work, and the pay and conditions are generally good.
Interests
Interests are the style or type of work we prefer to do. All interest areas are shown below.
-
Helping
Working with people. Helping or providing service to others.
-
Administrative
Following set procedures and routines. Working with numbers and details more than with ideas, usually following rules.
-
Creative
Working with forms, designs and patterns. Often need self-expression and can be done without following rules.
-
Enterprising
Starting up and carrying out projects. Leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes require risk taking and often deal with business.
-
Analytical
Ideas and thinking. Searching for facts and figuring out problems in your head.
-
Practical
Practical, hands-on work. Often with plants and animals, or materials like wood, tools, and machinery.

O*NET is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.
The skills and importance ratings on this page are derived from the US Department of Labor O*NET Database Version 21.2, 25-1191.00 - Graduate Teaching Assistants.